Bioassay-guided fractionation and characterization of neuroprotective compounds from the flowers of Achillea millefolium

Oxidative stress is known to play a vital role in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The current treatment method primarily targets symptoms by using anti-Parkinson drugs such as levodopa, carbidopa, dopamine (DA) agonists, monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors, and anticholinergics replace DA. However, these pose severe side effects when used for prolonged time. Hence, there need concerted effort develop natural compounds that reduce oxidative help management PD symptoms. This study aimed investigate neuroprotective petroleum ether extract Achillea millefolium its fractions on SH-SY5Y SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells Bioactivity-guided fractionation. To isolate bioactive fraction, crude was separated gravity column chromatography. Of twenty-one collected, one (Fraction 4) found be most potent neuronal exposed neurotoxins, rotenone, 6-hydroxydopamine. results showed Fraction 4’s ability apoptosis scavenging ROS, maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential, increasing superoxide dismutase activity, Sirtuin 3 presence activity. 4 also cellular through regulation AKT cell signaling pathway. major present were analyzed TOF-LC-MS. Phosphatidic acid (PA 32:0) four diacylglycerols (DAG) identified characterized their effect.